Erythema multiforme - Eritema Multiforme
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Pada hasil Stiftung Warentest tahun 2022 dari Jerman, kepuasan konsumen terhadap ModelDerm hanya sedikit lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan konsultasi telemedis berbayar.
Pada hasil Stiftung Warentest tahun 2022 dari Jerman, kepuasan konsumen terhadap ModelDerm hanya sedikit lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan konsultasi telemedis berbayar.
Erythema multiforme minor – Perhatikan bahwa bagian tengah lesi dapat tampak pucat.
Urtikaria juga dapat menjadi diagnosis banding.
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesErythema multiforme (EM) adalah kondisi di mana bintik‑bintik khas berbentuk sasaran muncul pada kulit dan selaput lendir akibat reaksi imun. Meskipun sering dipicu oleh infeksi virus, terutama virus herpes simpleks (HSV), atau obat‑obatan tertentu, dalam banyak kasus penyebabnya masih belum diketahui. Pengobatan EM akut berfokus pada meredakan gejala dengan krim yang mengandung steroid atau antihistamin. Pengelolaan EM berulang paling efektif bila disesuaikan dengan kondisi masing‑masing pasien. Pendekatan awal meliputi terapi oral dan topikal, termasuk kortikosteroid dan obat antivirus. Terapi topikal terdiri dari krim steroid kuat serta larutan untuk selaput lendir yang terlibat. Untuk pasien yang tidak responsif terhadap obat antivirus, pilihan lini kedua mencakup obat penekan kekebalan, antibiotik, obat cacing, dan antimalaria.
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated condition that classically presents with discrete targetoid lesions and can involve both mucosal and cutaneous sites. While EM is typically preceded by viral infections, most notably herpes simplex virus (HSV), and certain medications, a large portion of cases are due to an unidentifiable cause. Treatment for acute EM is focused on relieving symptoms with topical steroids or antihistamines. Treatment for recurrent EM is most successful when tailored to individual patients. First line treatment for recurrent EM includes both systemic and topical therapies. Systemic therapies include corticosteroid therapy and antiviral prophylaxis. Topical therapies include high-potency corticosteroids, and antiseptic or anesthetic solutions for mucosal involvement. Second-line therapies for patients who do not respond to antiviral medications include immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, anthelmintics, and antimalarials
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated condition that classically presents with discrete targetoid lesions and can involve both mucosal and cutaneous sites. While EM is typically preceded by viral infections, most notably herpes simplex virus (HSV), and certain medications, a large portion of cases are due to an unidentifiable cause. Treatment for acute EM is focused on relieving symptoms with topical steroids or antihistamines. Treatment for recurrent EM is most successful when tailored to individual patients. First line treatment for recurrent EM includes both systemic and topical therapies. Systemic therapies include corticosteroid therapy and antiviral prophylaxis. Topical therapies include high-potency corticosteroids, and antiseptic or anesthetic solutions for mucosal involvement. Second-line therapies for patients who do not respond to antiviral medications include immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, anthelmintics, and antimalarials
Pada banyak kasus, erythema multiforme ringan akan hilang dengan sendirinya dalam 2 hingga 4 minggu. Sindrom Stevens‑Johnson, suatu kondisi parah yang melibatkan selaput lendir, dapat berlangsung hingga 6 minggu. Steroid biasanya tidak direkomendasikan untuk kasus ringan. Apakah steroid harus digunakan untuk erythema multiforme yang parah masih belum pasti karena belum ada temuan jelas dari penelitian acak yang menunjukkan pasien mana yang akan mendapat manfaat dari pengobatan ini.
In most cases, mild erythema multiforme is self-limited and resolves in 2 to 4 weeks. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a serious disease that involves the mucous membranes and lasts up to 6 weeks. There is no indication for using steroids for the mild form. Use of steroids for erythema multiforme major is debatable because no randomized studies clearly indicate which children will benefit from this treatment.
In most cases, mild erythema multiforme is self-limited and resolves in 2 to 4 weeks. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a serious disease that involves the mucous membranes and lasts up to 6 weeks. There is no indication for using steroids for the mild form. Use of steroids for erythema multiforme major is debatable because no randomized studies clearly indicate which children will benefit from this treatment.
Kami menyajikan kasus erythema multiforme (EM) mulut yang disebabkan oleh TMP/SMX, dengan ulkus mulut dan bibir khas tanpa lesi kulit. Hal ini menekankan pentingnya membedakannya dari gangguan ulseratif mulut lainnya. Pasien menerima pengobatan simptomatik dan tablet prednisolone, yang menunjukkan perbaikan setelah penghentian terapi TMP/SMX.
We report a case of oral erythema multiforme (EM) secondary to TMP/SMX that presented with oral and lip ulcerations typical of EM without any skin lesions and highlights the importance of distinguishing them from other ulcerative disorders involving oral cavity. The patient was treated symptomatically and given tablet prednisolone. The condition improved with stoppage of TMP/SMX therapy.
We report a case of oral erythema multiforme (EM) secondary to TMP/SMX that presented with oral and lip ulcerations typical of EM without any skin lesions and highlights the importance of distinguishing them from other ulcerative disorders involving oral cavity. The patient was treated symptomatically and given tablet prednisolone. The condition improved with stoppage of TMP/SMX therapy.
Erythema multiforme adalah reaksi yang melibatkan kulit dan kadang‑kadang mukosa, dipicu oleh sistem kekebalan tubuh. Biasanya, penyakit ini muncul sebagai lesi berbentuk target yang dapat tampak terisolasi, berulang, atau menetap. Lesi ini biasanya menyerang ekstremitas secara simetris, terutama pada permukaan luar. Penyebab utamanya meliputi infeksi seperti virus herpes simpleks dan *Mycoplasma pneumoniae*, serta obat‑obatan tertentu, imunisasi, dan penyakit autoimun. Membedakan erythema multiforme dari urtikaria didasarkan pada durasi lesi; lesi erythema multiforme tetap ada setidaknya tujuh hari, sedangkan lesi urtikaria biasanya hilang dalam satu hari. Meskipun serupa, penting membedakan erythema multiforme dari sindrom Stevens‑Johnson yang lebih parah, yang biasanya ditandai oleh makula eritematosa atau purpura luas disertai lepuh. Penanganan erythema multiforme meliputi pengurangan gejala dengan steroid topikal atau antihistamin serta mengatasi penyebab yang mendasarinya. Untuk kasus berulang yang berhubungan dengan virus herpes simpleks, terapi antivirus profilaksis dianjurkan. Keterlibatan mukosa yang parah mungkin memerlukan rawat inap untuk pemberian cairan intravena dan elektrolit.
Erythema multiforme is a reaction involving the skin and sometimes the mucosa, triggered by the immune system. Typically, it manifests as target-like lesions, which may appear isolated, recur, or persist. These lesions usually symmetrically affect the extremities, particularly their outer surfaces. The main causes include infections like herpes simplex virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as well as certain medications, immunizations, and autoimmune diseases. Distinguishing erythema multiforme from urticaria relies on the duration of lesions; erythema multiforme lesions remain fixed for at least seven days, while urticarial lesions often vanish within a day. Although similar, it's crucial to differentiate erythema multiforme from the more severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which typically presents widespread erythematous or purpuric macules with blisters. Managing erythema multiforme involves symptomatic relief with topical steroids or antihistamines and addressing the underlying cause. For recurrent cases associated with herpes simplex virus, prophylactic antiviral therapy is recommended. Severe mucosal involvement may necessitate hospitalization for intravenous fluids and electrolyte replacement.
Erythema multiforme is a reaction involving the skin and sometimes the mucosa, triggered by the immune system. Typically, it manifests as target-like lesions, which may appear isolated, recur, or persist. These lesions usually symmetrically affect the extremities, particularly their outer surfaces. The main causes include infections like herpes simplex virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as well as certain medications, immunizations, and autoimmune diseases. Distinguishing erythema multiforme from urticaria relies on the duration of lesions; erythema multiforme lesions remain fixed for at least seven days, while urticarial lesions often vanish within a day. Although similar, it's crucial to differentiate erythema multiforme from the more severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome, which typically presents widespread erythematous or purpuric macules with blisters. Managing erythema multiforme involves symptomatic relief with topical steroids or antihistamines and addressing the underlying cause. For recurrent cases associated with herpes simplex virus, prophylactic antiviral therapy is recommended. Severe mucosal involvement may necessitate hospitalization for intravenous fluids and electrolyte replacement.
Kondisi ini bervariasi, mulai dari ruam ringan yang dapat sembuh sendiri hingga bentuk yang parah dan mengancam jiwa, yaitu eritema multiforme mayor yang juga melibatkan selaput lendir. Keterlibatan selaput lendir atau adanya bula merupakan tanda penting keparahan penyakit.
- Erythema multiforme minor: lesi target khas atau timbul, papula edema yang tersebar secara akral. Bentuk ringan biasanya disertai gatal ringan (meskipun gatal dapat menjadi sangat parah), bercak merah muda, berdistribusi simetris, dan dimulai pada ekstremitas. Penyembuhan biasanya terjadi dalam 7‑10 hari.
- Erythema multiforme major: lesi target khas atau menonjol, papula edema yang tersebar secara akral dengan keterlibatan satu atau lebih selaput lendir. Detasemen epidermis melibatkan kurang dari 10 % total luas permukaan tubuh.
○ Pengobatan – Obat OTC
Jika disertai demam (peningkatan suhu tubuh), segera kunjungi rumah sakit.
Hentikan semua obat yang dicurigai (misalnya antibiotik, obat antiinflamasi nonsteroid).
Antihistamin oral seperti cetirizine dan loratadine dapat membantu mengurangi gatal.
#Cetirizine [Zytec]
#LevoCetirizine [Xyzal]
#Loratadine [Claritin]